1. Full Forms
a) DSL: Digital Subscriber Line
b) bps: Bits Per Second
c) LAN: Local Area Network
d) TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
e) IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6
f) ISP: Internet Service Provider
g) RFID: Radio Frequency Identification
h) CAT6: Category 6 (cable)
i) NCP: Network Control Protocol
j) DNS: Domain Name System
2. Multiple Choice Questions
i. Which of the following is a broadband Internet connection? d) All of the above
ii. What is throughput? b) Actual data transferred in a given time
iii. What is a data packet? b) A unit of data sent over a network
iv. Which of the following is a type of bounded (guided) media? a) Fiber optic
v. Which term refers to sending data from Earth to a satellite? c) Uplink
vi. What is the RJ45 connector mainly used for? c) Ethernet networking
vii. What is the connection pattern of computers in a network called? b) Topology
viii. Which topology uses a hub to connect all devices? c) Star topology
ix. What type of network connects LANs over large areas? c) WAN
x. Which of the following are Internet services? d) All of the above
xi. Which protocol is used to transfer files between computers?c) FTP
xii. What is the length of an IPv4 address? b) 32 bits
xiii. What does an IP address identify? c) A specific device on the network
xiv. Which protocol is commonly used for sending emails? c) SMTP
xv. Which device strengthens weak network signals for long distances? c) Repeater
3. Short Questions
a) What is broadband? How is it different from dial-up connections?
High-speed, always-on internet with wide bandwidth. Unlike dial-up, it allows simultaneous voice and data transmission at much higher speeds.
b) Define bandwidth. How is it measured?
The maximum theoretical data capacity of a network link, measured in bps, Mbps, or Gbps.
c) What is a data packet in networking?
A formatted block of data containing user payload and header control metadata (such as IP addresses).
d) What is frequency in telecommunications?
The rate at which an electromagnetic wave oscillates per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
e) What is the function of a repeater?
It amplifies and regenerates weak incoming signals to extend network transmission distance.
f) What is a computer network? How is it useful?
An interconnected set of devices that enables shared hardware, files, internet access, and communication.
g) Why is wireless communication becoming more popular today?
It provides mobility, eliminates complex cabling, and supports portable devices like phones and laptops.
h) Describe the RJ45 connector. Where is it commonly used?
An 8-pin standard connector used on twisted-pair cables to plug into routers, switches, and network cards.
i) What is a media converter? Mention its main function.
A device that converts signals between different network media types, such as copper cables to fiber-optic cables.
j) What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput?
Bandwidth is maximum theoretical capacity; throughput is actual real-world data speed.
k) How does Wi-Fi transmit data without cables?
It converts binary data into radio waves sent through the air between routers and device antennas.
l) How does data travel from one computer to another in a network?
Data is packetized, routed via switches and routers using IP/MAC addresses, and reassembled at the destination device.
m) How does data flow in a ring topology?
Data moves in a single circular direction (unidirectional) from node to node around a loop.
n) Mention one real-life use of satellite communication.
Direct-To-Home (DTH) TV broadcasting or GPS tracking systems.
o) List two types of communication media and give one example of each.
Bounded: Fiber-optic cable
Unbounded: Radio waves
4. Long Questions
i. What is communication media?
The physical or wireless path that carries data signals between network devices.
Guided (Bounded): Physical cables carrying signals along a fixed path (e.g., Fiber optic, Twisted-pair).
Unguided (Unbounded): Air/space carrying wireless signals (e.g., Radio waves, Microwaves).
ii. Differentiate between LAN and MAN.
| Feature | Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
| Coverage | Small area (office, room, campus) | Entire city or large town |
| Ownership | Private organization/individual | Telecom provider or government |
| Speed | Very high speed (up to 10 Gbps) | Moderate to high speed |
| Cost | Low setup cost | High infrastructure cost |
iii. Explain the differences between client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures.
| Feature | Client-Server Architecture Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture
| Centralization | Centralized server manages resources | Decentralized; no central server |
| Roles | Server provides, Client requests | Devices act as both client and server |
| Security | Centralized control and administration | Managed individually on each device |
| Cost | High (requires dedicated server hardware) | Low (uses basic workstation OS) |
iv. Three-Building School Network Plan
* Network Type: Campus Area Network (CAN) / Fiber-connected LANs.
Justification: Centralizes school database files, enables shared high-speed internet, and allows free internal VoIP/email communication across all three buildings.
v. Home Network Model
Core Device: Wireless Router (with LAN ports and Wi-Fi).
Connections: 3 PCs via Cat6 Ethernet cables, 1 Mobile Device via Wi-Fi, and 1 Printer via Wi-Fi/USB.
Internet: Router plugs into the ISP modem line.
vi. Network Choice for a Small Office: P2P vs. Client-Server
P2P: Best for small teams (<10 staff) needing low initial cost and simple setup without dedicated IT staff.
Client-Server: Best if centralized data security, user management, and future business expansion are required.
vii. School Computer Lab Design
Layout: Star Topology using a central 16-Port Switch connected via Cat6 cables to 10 PCs and 1 Router for ISP access.
Communication: Local file
sharing is handled directly by the central switch; internet requests pass through the router to the ISP.